March 2011

Monday, March 28, 2011

How To Make A North Face Vest Fluffy Again

Disease in Western Culture: The Other and the myth of progress (I)

Disease in Western Culture: The Other and the myth of progress *

Part I

SUMMARY Modern society of Western culture, presents the ideals of orderly government, civic and refined. The society is ordered and also qualifies for channel space disorder, considered to be different. In this dispute, the other becomes a menacing and solvent, which includes the categories of the monstrous, inhuman, deformity, unintelligible nature, the savagery and the absence is state and organization. The secular order exceeds the error, superstition, magic and myth over reason, establishing the concept of the myth of progress, embodied by Europe, implying civilizational superiority paradigm that avoids the many forms worldwide, as well as an otherness . Europe then established as a myth of collective cultural belonging, and Western culture as universal reason. ABSTRACT

Modern society of Western culture, presents the ideals of orderly government, civic and refined. The society is ordered and, in addition to channel spaces classified disorder, considered different. In this dispute, the other becomes a menacing and solvent, which includes the categories of the monstrous, inhuman, deformity, the unintelligible character, savagery and the absence is state and arrangement. The secular order exceeds the error, superstition, magic and myth through reason, establishing the concept of the myth of progress, embodied by Europe, implying civilizational superiority that prevents multiformity paradigmatic world as well as an otherness. Europe was then established as a myth of collective cultural belonging, and Western culture as Universal Reason.

SUMMARY

Modern society of Western culture, presents the ideals of orderly government, civic and refined. Society is ordered and, in addition to channel disorders classified spaces, considered different. In this dispute, the other becomes a threat and solvent, which includes the categories of the monstrous, inhuman, deformity, the unintelligible nature, the savagery and the absence is the condition and arrangement. The secular order exceeds the error, superstition, magic and myth by reason, by establishing the concept of myth du progrès, incarnée par l'Europe, ce qui involves civilisationnelle supériorité monde qui empêche multiforme paradigmatiques ainsi d'une alterites that. L'Europe a ensuite été établi comme un Mythe de la culture appartenant collective culturelle, et de l'Ouest comme la raison universelle.

is through culture that society is divided, but also ranks in the sacred versus secular, male and female or between public and private. Is ordered and, therefore, classifies, to channel various areas of confusion, essentially different. It is in this difference where the other, both within the same society as between societies, chronological, structured and spatially diverse, it becomes a menacing and solvent, which includes the categories of the monstrous, inhuman, deformity, unintelligible nature, savagery, primitivism and lack was the state and legal system. This kind of polarization is the beginning of the disqualifications. Culture, in general terms, sets out principles of universality and relativity, which cause tension, but the references specific to a company established seeks to establish and elevate their own particular epistemic profile, which will in-culture, understood educated in children and youth, to encourage, in this way a solid conceptual foundation. It seems possible, however, that multiculturalism can deny the culture as a particular practice, while assumed that the differences can be reduced to an order of drives, which would remove from the root, any derogatory or culturally discriminatory justification. This would mean eventually that those differences are actually epiphenomena of a kind of substrate, structure or common origin, which receives names of different persuasions, all semantically relevant although some questionable: the collective unconscious structures of the mind, rationality Founded (or reductive nor exclusive), prototype objects, basic minimum of neutrality trunk representative or, knowing of not knowing paramount, as emphasized by the Hindu philosophy regarding the nature of the Absolute. The human being has the drive Founded by an order from a surplus of potential, hence the desire in search of a foundation, that is, a system needed in a possible fund, which is what usually gives myth. Although it serves more as questions so you can possibly answer, encompasses a claim of truth and has credibility and authority. Is the authority that comes from its paradigmatic and exemplary character, and gives further credibility socially necessary. The group ends up being unchangeable order, placing the source outside itself and, consequently, over-naturalizing outside or beyond human time, in a move considered prototypical. While the reality of cultural space lies in the multiplicity, that assertion does not rest on the existence of many distinct cultures, but the fact that culture exists as an event of a permanent and continuous assertion of differentiation, which is variable, is ie, the multiple is now within the event. Culture and, by extension, Western society has been established and consolidated paradigmatically from convictions that are not put into question: the science, democracy, the state and technology, regulatory criteria that have served as scaffolds for historical reconstruction. Has, therefore, as in substantive and totalizing thought, nothing fluidizing, ruling that, in many cases instead of science we deal with common sense, and our mentality is somewhat archaic, which means that religiosity, magic, myth (para-logical thinking and regulator, with its attendant aspects evocative and intuitive), a constant flood of daily life, as can be seen in the personal solidarity in our justifications of freedom or collective movements . There is, in essence, in everyday life human, scientific rigor in the conduct or actions. The imagination of the social environment of a culture is expressed in pictures, captions, "stories." It is a collective perception that becomes the dominant perspective, facilitating common practice, often truly "ritualized" and encouraging a kind of shared sense of legitimacy. This factor is an implicit understanding of the ordinary, without a theoretical perspective. This implies ideality imagination, a good number of times consisting of typical topics, the result of ethnocentric, elitist and pseudo-scholarly own cultural perspective, characterized by an order metaphysical overtones, whose expression is limitless, which is characteristic of myth and imagination, not theoretical, and that means an understanding, an understanding, a mental imagery itself that makes it viable within society. These iconic references such as those present in our ways of expressing and relating accurate, give meaning to particular acts in space and time, ie, in history. On occasion, the ideality is interpreted as utopias, but they are always possible because they are part of human nature. The ideals may change under the background, setting new socio-cultural models, with insights and values, which are considered appropriate in a given time, as is currently happening in the environment of the western culture with the ideals of orderly government, civic and refined, in a word, political. This is the enabling framework of cultural differences between past and present, with the past here is clearly the "other." Such discrepancies should not be differences between culture, with some of its associated elements, such as refinement, order and control, civilization (emerging in the context encyclopaedic), and nature, labeled ignorance, chaos, savagery or infantilism soberly encouraged and maintained, by the comparative anthropology ethnocentrism of the early twentieth century, which established the current western historiography the concept of the other as different and inferior, inserted in a dynamic polarization between center and periphery, with its particular symbolic components. In the second part will focus on the aforementioned polarity.

* Paper to be presented at the Seventh Conference on Humanistic and Educational Research in the city of San Cristobal, in early April 2011

Prof. Dr. Julio Lopez

Saco School of History, VCU School

Letters, UCAB

Sunday, March 27, 2011

Difference Between Bone And Muscle

bizarre HISPANIC AND HISTORY OF BOLIVAR AND PERU LACROIX FOR THE CURE CAMILO TORRES

By Eduardo Garcia Aguilar

Around the bizarre story of the Journal of Bucaramanga in Peru de Lacroix, published in 1912 in Paris by the Colombian writer Cornelio Hispano, can be woven several novelistic stories, as if it were an intricate series of Chinese boxes or Russian matrioschkas.

First is the tragic story of the French general Lacroix, who worked next liberator Simon Bolivar and was one of his trusted men like so many other Europeans of his inner circle. After the death of Bolivar, he and other colleagues fell into disgrace and was unjustly driven into exile by his enemy Obando, was forced to abandon his wife and children.

Back in Paris in 1837, at 57 years old, broke and unable to pay child and where he was staying, fired a gun, leaving a will and some manuscripts, including include the famous Diary of Bucaramanga, which had been in Caracas in the hands of the Marquis del Toro.

This document describes day to day everyday life of Bolivar in Bucaramanga in 1828, when he was surrounded by his staff while carrying out the frustrated convention of Ocana. It's one of those moments and peaceful transition in the life of hero who quietly elapses without battles and plenty of free time, just switch the signing of official documents, writing letters and receiving guests or employees who came from across the region to submit reports to the president.

Peru de Lacroix, three years older than Bolivar, takes those long moments intimacy and conversation at breakfast, lunches, dinners and trips to record everything that has the head and describe it in the smallest details of privacy, without him being aware of the purpose, so the book is a true original and live instant character.

Peru de Lacroix scores a lot of Bolivar's controversial comments about the various circumstances of the struggle for independence and qualifications of its employees hard, which shows another overlooked aspect of official truths . For example, he speaks very ill of the military Granada, whom he considers enemies, lucidly describes the defects and qualities others like Páez, Santander and Sucre and clarifies many of their actions of realpolitik.

Even Bolivar goes on to say that Ricaurte did not die in atoms flying in San Mateo and that other stories are just as patriotic legends progaganda necessary in the struggle for power in the middle of a war. Those who read the document were shocked and Venezuelan Academy of History chose to keep it a secret and jealously hide from the public to avoid problems.

The ambitious young Colombian intellectual Cornelio Hispano, born in 1880, a good lawyer and a graduate student in Bogota, was appointed consul in Venezela and using his rank made contact with the document that you copied in secret, kept hidden from those in the dust.

Ismael Lopez, whose nickname was Cornelio Hispano, arrived in Paris at the time of Vargas Vila, Enrique Gomez Carrillo and Rufino Blanco Fombona, and published in 1912 in the editorial Ollendorf several successful books, including famous Diary. To publish and distribute the paper generated a scandal continental Hispanic supporters and detractors. But for the first time the European public, who admired Bolivar as a romantic hero, and the public Latin America had access to a lively and true portrait of the Liberator.

There we see the simple, generous man in civilian dress, shirt and white pants, blue jacket and straw hat, riding on horseback to clear around Bucaramanga, go to church often but unbelieving, and spends long hours reading the classics and playing cards with his closest collaborators. On those evenings account Lacroix their own adventures, as when Napoleon saw from afar the day of his coronation, and many details of his life as his marriage, battles, loves, prejudices, ideas and disappointments different.

Cornelio Hispano, a disciple of Miguel Antonio Caro and young friend of Guillermo Valencia, is the other character of this curious story tripartite. Despite having very early literary success in Paris with works such as the Garden of the Hesperides, Cauca and Paris Elegies at Amazon, today is totally unknown and ignored. Little is known of his long life and died in Colombia in 1962 at 82 years of age. In some texts recalls with nostalgia the years of youth and economic prosperity in Paris, when life smiled, related to the great authors of the day and spoiled by his editor.

unfortunate Three stories are interwoven in this detective story about a lost manuscript palimpsest. Bolivar, the hero ends up unhappy and ill at St. Peter of Alexandria, Peru Lacroix falls into poverty and poor old commits suicide in Paris and ate Cornelio Hispano forgotten despite his flamboyant nickname his youthful ambitions and success.

So now read the Journal of Bucaramanga in Peru de Lacroix, dumped by Cornelio Hispano in impeccable prose and enriched with cometary exordium and multiple attachments, is like reading a novel in which we live life from within everyday hero who speaks no hieratic position of the statues or idealized version slavish fans, while the way we discover the lives of two minor characters that revolve around her legend.

Monday, March 21, 2011

Inorganic Chem Shriver Djvu

Ancient Jiroft culture in Iran

Images: the first corresponds to a disk decorated with animals, Burner While the second to an excavation in Jiroft, Konar Sandal A

The Culture of Jiroft (تمدنجيرفت in Persian), was an outstanding culture of the west-central Iran, in Sistan province of Kerman, belonging to the Bronze Age to the fourth millennium BC There are a dozen deposits which are now being excavated, among which are included Shahr-i Sokhta, Tepe Bampur, Espiedej, Shahdad, Tepe Yahya e Iblis. Algunos investigadores vinculan la región con la ciudad-estado de Marhashi, si bien no hay seguridad al respecto, como tampoco la hay en relación a su anterioridad a las culturas de Mesopotamia, como primera civilización urbana. Las excavaciones en las capas más profundas de la necrópolis de Jiroft indican que la historia de la región comienza hacia el cuarto milenio a.n.E. Sus habitantes, quizá procedentes de Asia central, vivían de la agricultura de dátiles, aunque también pudieron haber explotado metales como el cobre.

Prof. Dr. Julio López Saco

UCV-UCAB, Caracas, March 21, 2011

Maytag Washing Machine Spin Cycle Squeal

By Eduardo Garcia Aguilar

The picture of Father Camilo Torres on the front page of newspapers struck me forever in that distant February 1966, when still a child I knew who had killed the 37-year-old, 15 this month, a Patiocemento combat in the mountains of San Vicente de Chucuri. 45 years have passed and things have changed very little in the country, which is immersed in his own obsessions under the command of the grandchildren of the leaders then, as if time were stuck in a vicious circle of Thanatos worshiper.

child In my view most people see as the day had opened and read in silence the news that closed the short and frenzied political dream of a new popular leader, three decades after the death of Jorge Eliecer Gaitán in 1948. The dead priest's eyes were half open, opaque, the fish gone, the dark, into nothingness. In the photo of the day looked entrabierta priest's mouth, teeth and face apparent expressionless in the peace of inertia. And the curly black hair and messy beard clinging to his face fallen angel, Lucifer ousted from the heights. Diablo. Angel. Diablo. Angel.

Another photo from the side, with open arms crucified, revealed blood mixed with his beard and curly hair and the lost boy profile of child well upper-class Bogota, and exceptionally had been given to the poor, away from mom Isabel, without the aura that gave the clergyman suit, a graduate sociologist pipe in Leuven or striking oratory poses a national leader. The guerrilla priest, founder of the Front Kingdom in 1965, had committed the terrible and naive mistake of going to the lion's den of the guerrillas, as parallel, mesmerized by the fashion set fire to the continent and has its climax in 1967 with the death of another child well, Che Guevara .

Bogota Politicians black suit and Stetson hat and staff bishops, held together happily next to the Plaza Bolivar to the guerrillas in Colombia. Leaders of the Liberal Party or Conservative Party allies in the National Front, succeeded in radio excited to celebrate the event, the death of the idealistic priest, now in the XXI century, when I write 45 years after slaughter waste, almost no one remembers.

A half its national reputation, and pretty solid from a few years after returning from Louvain, grew rapidly and the fact that he was priest and professed the Catholic religion made him even more dangerous the eyes of the establishment. For the ruling class was much easier to challenge and pursue outlaws Marxist Leninist ideology which a priest was to be a "professional of love." He became a charismatic leader and where he would find hundreds of fans and riot and thousands and thousands of people from all walks of people willing to follow him to work for the cause of the United Front. Workers, peasants, trade unionists, artisans, teachers, petty officials, housewives, came to meet him to cities and towns where they came.

In the latter half accelerated climax reaching its destination, in addition to the guerrillas and absurd death in the first fight. In those moments are the pictures where he looks to his bag, beard, military fatigues, like a militant of the Cuban revolution, who was then from a few years ago the model of the most radical revolutionary idealists American. In those pictures he looked lost, light, naive, playing the partisan as did many other thousands of young Colombians that time.

All this was a great waste, a great delusion and illusions local expression of inland after the victory of the Cuban revolutionaries. Camilo Torres was a character in his time, a perfect product of its time desperate. Some with Stalin and the Bolsheviks, Mao Tse Tung others and its latest cultural revolution, others with liberation theology and the recent Cuban revolution of Fidel Castro. And up front, in the context of the Cold War, a ruthless power, greedy, akin to the terrible American hawks, they would kill Martin Luther King and propitiate terrible coups and dictatorships such as the Southern Cone, sponsored by the dark agents of the CIA.

What looking for this cure? In his message to Christians, published the first edition of the newspaper United Front on August 26, 1965, Camilo Torres said "I think I have given the revolution of love of neighbor. I stopped say Mass for the love of neighbor in the temporal field, economically and socially. " But those words and the wind carried them away and only belongs to history and its analysts. A story that is repeated constantly and that the Colombians never learn anything. We can only live this epic novel in the biographies they wrote Germain Guzmán Campos, Eduardo Umaña Luna and Joe Broderick and ask what had become of him if he were alive among us, as old at 82 years of age, two Unless your friend Gabriel García Márquez.

Thursday, March 17, 2011

Carbon Monoxide Detector Reading Error

Chronology of Ancient Indus Culture (III): Post-Urban Period

city in the post period (1900 to 1700 or 1500 BC), a period of decline in large urban centers and population movements that are set in small rural settlements is several important stages: Late Harappiense phase or H in the Indo Cemetery Superior, Culture Jhukar, based on a ceramic style, and where they appear circular stamps, replacing the classic square printing in the Lower Indus, and Late Phase Harappiense Cholistan both, as in northwest India and Gujarat. In these regions it is found the appearance of gray painted pottery sites. In regions border, especially in Baluchistan, now contemplate the establishment of the Bactrian-Margiana archaeological complex, found in Period VIII Mehrgarh and Nausharo IV. The Indus script eventually disappear, except for some examples of ceramics, which could spell the end of the previously established administrative system.

Prof. Dr. Julio López

Saco School of History, UCV

PhD in Social Sciences, VCU School of Arts

, UCAB

Monday, March 14, 2011

Teppanyaki Knife Supplies

Ancient Mesopotamian deities IV: Enki

Images: first look Enki the god enthroned with two streams that emerge from his back. A bird-man is being brought before him to be eventually prosecuted (2300-2140 BC), the second is a record where the deity is seated, it emanates from the streams and two characters are prostrate before her figure with two banners. The scene is complete with sun, moon and some fish.

The god Enki (Ea in Akkadian) is an archaic city god of Eridu, whose main temple was dedicated to him. Enki, the Sumerian mythology, the creator of mankind from clay. The Sumerian tablets show as Enki god of purification water in ritual known as ablution house. It is a Sumerian god of water, fertility and wisdom. Arises from primeval chaos wet impregnating the land and giving life to the beings that inhabit it. Is the keeper of divine laws and Me (order without chaos, the attribute of civilization). He is represented sometimes as a being with fish body from which a human head and human feet.

Prof. Dr. Julio Lopez-Saco

UCAB UCV, Caracas

Saturday, March 12, 2011

If I Buy A Puupy Should It Be Dewormed?

HUMANITY OF ZOMBIES NEWS

By Eduardo Garcia Aguilar

In these times dominated by the unbridled flow of news, man has lost any chance of understanding the constituent lines and lines of his age and his being and has been submerged, suffocated, crushed by a tsunami of information events that drown every day and is made a range of waste going from global catastrophes celebrity gossip.

All humanity has become a flock of zombies entranced going to the cliff and poor Piper of Hamelin rats. Billions of humans live intoxicated by the information, the use of mobile phones and consumer advertising that generates virtual prospects of success and look totally alien to their own misery. The ancient gods have been exchanged for pagan deities to which the city now in trance magnates while they suck their meager earnings.

work today is to eat garbage. Parents and children who are chained in a planetary slavery nor the most never have imagined evil pirate and live haunted by a pathological need to pretend they are not and live on borrowed time. The famous dictum "I think, therefore I am" is outdated and has changed to "I have credit card, therefore I am" or "I have phone, therefore I am ',' I'm on Facebook, therefore I am" or "I have a car, therefore I am. "

No one can escape the news today, as in all public places there are television screens that broadcast news permanent live images of hoses and disasters, while public transport radio sounds with local political gossip or sexual avatars the stars of show business. In addition to news of wars and disasters frequently shake the world and produce the same litany from Haiti to Japan and from Australia to Chile, passing through Africa, Asia and the Middle East, modern man is continually informed of the life of stars , princes and athletes, and direct searches in bed stories, divorces, ruins, diseases.

The contemporary citizen is bombarded daily by the political gossip of their respective countries, in a series of scandals and dirty with empty statements that rogues poison the population. Governments know very well uncovered a scandal to another, maintain people addicted to these daily quarrels between politicians, most of which are only bandits who reproached each other condition.

Reading to a newspaper columnist is astonished to see how they can lose an entire lifetime following the succession daily news useless local policies that lead nowhere. With few exceptions characterized by good writing or research and reporting corruption risky risk of dying, all the writers of newspapers lose time with uncut analysis on the evolution of these politicians.

Citizens of all countries is taken and the flange at the mercy of the interests of these radio stations, television or the mainstream press media that fills their brains trash news 24 hours a day.

George Orwell in his famous 1984 book pictured the big brother that controlled everything, but fell short of paranoid fantasy, as each of our steps and gestures is followed, archiving and controlled through our phones, computers or cards credit. Humanity instead of studying and training, learn from the past and ponder the future, live manipulated by those reports that fill the brain of detritus become infected. Way to work the man is immersed in the story and go home after work back again to vegetate in front of the TV. Nobody talks other. We are all glued to the screens, our cell phones or computers. We are shadows from each other. Do not live, we do not exist on their own, but according to the ceaseless avalanche of data, statements, parties that take place until the poor man fell exhausted, slept, to return the next day to repeat the routine of being only listener or viewer a virtual world dominated by powerful and global financial scandals.

With the mobile man was not released but eventually also fall prey to their domestic news. No wonder then that the business magazine Forbes now inform us that the world's richest man is Carlos Slim, the Mexican drug lord cellular telephony in Latin America. And every now proud to celebrate the vampire who has been enslaving hundreds of millions of impoverished Latin Americans who have not eaten for cellular and thicken and the accounts of apocalyptic tycoon complete impunity came to the astronomical sum of 70,000 million dollars taken poor pocket. Feel a nostalgia for Bill Gates, at least contemporary Marconi invented the personal computer age and Internet. Because the unthinkable fortune of this great rascal is strong proof that we live in a world of cell phone zombies chained news as a prosthesis of his idle existence.

Thursday, March 10, 2011

Is There A Vaccine For Hsv-2

Bradley Manning, the U.S. government under threat

This week the U.S. Army had 22 new charges against Bradley Manning, who is accused of stealing more than 200.000 U.S. diplomatic archives and turned them over to the government site Wikileaks leaks.

Among the charges is the crime of "engagement with the enemy", so that Manning could be punished with the death penalty, legal experts say.

This news has not caused grace among the members of Anonymous, who have already threatened the U.S. government and its departments of both security and defense against the charges against Sgt.

hacktivists group has indicated that if the army will not reverse that position systems, portals and government computer equipment will suffer.

also have indicated that they have the ability to steal confidential information from government officials and publish it online.

Through Dayli Kos site and building the profile of the journalist Barret Brown, hacktivists group released its message. Anonymous
threatened
specifically to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Office of Trade, the Department of Justice, the U.S. government and the Directorate of National Intelligence of the United States.

hacktivists group noted that the codename of the operation will be # opbradley, and that this movement will add to the campaigns that are against HBGary. HBGary

became the target of Anonymous after his excellent Aaron Barr international media disclosed that he had confidential information about members of the group.

The executive said he had in his hands the information on your country of residence, address and name, and added that such information would be sold to the FBI.

Following the statements, the security firm was robbed of information by Anonymous. Hacktivists group seized more than 50,000 corporate email accounts and personal data and sensitive corporate information Barr.
Barr
This led to his resignation to the company. Anonymous information was not published, or sold to the FBI, as the executive claimed.

Moreover, the charges against Manning are part of the persecution that has held the U.S. government against those responsible for the publication of diplomatic cables their embassies.

published by Wikileaks cables were identified by various means such as leakage of confidential information largest in history.

Julian Assange, founder of Wikileaks, recently received a ruling against them by the British authorities, so Assange could be extradited to Sweden.

Where is persecuted for crimes of sexual abuse, the Australian-born journalist was paroled into the United Kingdom.

According to various media, the U.S. government is already working with Swedish authorities Assange to move to America.

Assange could be charged and tried in the United States for violating the Espionage Act, in addition to having committed crimes of conspiracy.

around the world will note that the charges for which he is accused Assange in Sweden are part of a strategy against him and Wikieaks. Anonymous

rises as the online social avenger

Although there several years ago, Anonymous rose to fame after becoming the group that defended Wikileaks after the publication of the U.S. diplomatic cables.

At that time the group broke down the sites of companies that withdrew their support for the controversial site. Among his victims were found on sites Visa, MasterCard and PayPal.

pull to achieve the indicated sites, Anonymous has taken the strategy of using Denial of Service attacks (DDoS). For this network made it possible for anyone hacktivists voluntarily Sumara your computer to a botnet to carry out these attacks.

A report last December indicated that the Anonymous Army had exceeded the 50,000 users in less than a week.

Also, Anonymous has been linked to attacks against the government of Egypt, Zimbabwe and Tunisia, said governments have been identified by the group of hacktivists they do not allow the use of internet openly accuse.

BSecure

Wednesday, March 9, 2011

Can Diana Fchange Lens

Mythology and Christianity: Maya

An essential part of our knowledge of old American myths, particularly the Maya, we owe it to the colonial period pieces, if the Popol Vuh, the Chilam Balam books and Totonicapán title. The Popol Vuh combines the history of the universe with a particular human group (Quiche) and his rise to power. Thus sought to privilege indigenous elites in the English colonial context, subtly combining two traditions, Mayan and Toltec. In the books (about 30), the Chilam Balam or Jaguar priests, Christianity is integrated in the design space-time Mayan calendrical, accepting the supreme revelation that emerged from the Christian evangelical mission. This was an Maya Christianity focused around the cross, designed as a continuation and successor of the ancient cosmic tree. Following this religious projection was hiding, also a policy: the rejection of colonial domination and the creation of new independent Maya kingdoms and would value the Christian cross. This development emerged in the sixteenth century, culminated in the nineteenth century, when Mayan rebellion, called the Caste War led to the emergence of a cross talking (sacral figure combines the cross and its symbolism of redemption, with the archaic trees cosmic linked to political power) in Yucatan, from which self-created domains that survived well into the twentieth century. The cross gave the priest Juan de la Cruz (an incarnation of Christ) proclamations announcing their coming into the world to free Maya from the oppression of whites. In this case, therefore, the myth of the crucifixion was appropriate and updated for founding a political utopia. In this sense, the Mayan peoples associated Christ with the sun and the moon Virgin, the patron saints became symbols of indigenous community identity, and the devil, owner of wealth, became lord of the underworld (considered necessary for the Cosmos works because it dominates the prosperity and fertility) and became equivalent to the classical masters of Xibalba. Similarly happens Totonicapán the title that combines the Christian story of creation with the Toltec migration. In this cluster we note that the Mayan mythical themes we see in the iconography of the classic from their traditions, Izapa, south coast of Chiapas and Guatemala, and the Olmec, on the coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The Mayan specifically, beyond the Christian influences, is the preoccupation with time and to understand and master the cycles are inevitable, of creation and destruction.

Prof. Dr. Julio Lopez-Saco

UCV

UCAB

March 9, 2011

Tuesday, March 1, 2011

What Time Does Mrs Fields Open During The Week

Christianity Chronology of Ancient Indus Culture (II): Pre-Urban Period

From the excavations of Harappa and on the basis of ceramics, has been able to establish a chronological sequence on the pre-urban period in the Culture of the Indus. At that time, contemporary or period levels IV-VII in Mehrgarh, political units without hierarchy coexisted with each other, we see the presence of an active network of trade, based on the presence of non-local materials, and verifying a level uniformity in material culture and site planning. Now we find larger communities and small towns, with massive fortifications and platforms, and divided into sectors or neighborhoods, an economy based in agriculture and grazing, as well as craft specialization, written symbols, perhaps precursors of the Indus script, well documented in Harappa and neighboring rural settlements, and seals individual or group identification. In the Upper Indus we Ravi Phase (3300-2800 BC), which represents the oldest pre-occupation of urban Harappa. Their pottery is similar to contemporary sites Hakra Cholistan and human figurines are detected and, especially women sitting, and zoomorphic, especially bulls, and miniature cars and seashells. Found after Phase Harappiense Old or Kot Diji (2800-2600 BC), when the cities are planned following a trend chart with north-south streets and east-west and see a greater number of areas devoted to manufacturing. Now also find graffiti or seals with various signs, with probable narrative scenes and images of animals (especially the "Unicorn", a motif common in the period after Urbano). We found, also, for all the Pre-Indo Urban Superior few small settlements around Harappa relevant, and Vainiwal Jalilpur case. In the Lower Indus, we can see Amri Phase (3300-2600 BC), whose main settlement is located in Sind Kohistan, Pakistan. Amri pottery with designs gazelle horn, is comparable with ceramics Togau of Merhgarh III, suggesting links with the region of Balochistan, however, also resembles the styles of Kot Diji and Hakra, this being itself also a sign of a plausible contact interregional. Then we review Hakra Phase (3500-3000 BC) and Phase Harappiense Old or Kot Diji (3200-2600 BC). In the region of Cholistan, around the river Ghaggar-Hakra, we Hakra phase, comparable to the aforementioned Phase Ravi, and habitual and regional Phase Harappiense Old or Kot Diji (3000-2600 anE here.). Hakra ceramics presents globular jars and vases with geometric motifs. Their settlements occupations were long due to hostility from the surrounding environment. In the subsequent phase is found the presence of two major settlements, and Jalwali Gamanwalla, whose occupation is evident in the Phase Hakra. Ghaggar-Hakra period northwestern India shows, meanwhile, two phases: Phase Harappiense Old or Kot Diji (3200-2600 BC) and Sothi-Siswal called with the same chronology. The pottery in northwestern India is similar to the Superior Indus and Cholistan. The two major sites are well documented and Banawali Kalibangan, while one hundred sixty-five recognize sites in the region for this period. Beyond these regions, particularly in Baluchistan we find places like Balakot, Niai Buthier and Murda Sang, in the Las Bela and Miri Qalat in Makran. They all seem to have been close links with the south-eastern Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. The pottery of Balakot is akin to that of Amri, but also has a different type, called Nal (featuring glasses with floral and zoomorphic designs), while Murda Sang is associated with a culture known Kulli. In addition, there are levels in Miri Qalat linked, to 2500 BC, to the southeast of Iran. We note, in short, the existence of a whole chain of agro-regional policies in permanent settlements, accompanied also very likely mobile populations who traveled from one place to another.

Prof. Dr. Julio Lopez-Saco

UCV

UCAB

March 1, 2011